Legal jargon can be confusing, and if you've received a subpoena or heard the term being thrown around, it's natural to feel overwhelmed. In this blog post, we'll simplify the concept of subpoenas for non-lawyers, discuss the different types, explain what happens when you receive one, and explore the process of filing a motion to quash a subpoena.
What is a Subpoena?
A subpoena is a legal document issued by a court or a government agency, compelling a person to either provide testimony or produce evidence in a legal proceeding. In essence, it is a formal request that requires an individual to participate in a case by offering information relevant to the matter at hand.
Types of Subpoenas
There are two main types of subpoenas:
Subpoena ad testificandum: This type of subpoena requires a person to appear in court and provide oral testimony during a trial or deposition. It is commonly used to ensure witnesses are present to testify in a timely and organized manner.
Subpoena duces tecum: This subpoena compels a person or organization to produce specific documents, records, or other tangible evidence pertinent to a legal proceeding. The requested items must be produced by a specified date in court or to an attorney.
What Happens When You Receive a Subpoena?
If you receive a subpoena, it's essential to take it seriously, as failure to comply can result in legal consequences such as fines, contempt of court charges, or even arrest. Here are some steps to follow upon receiving a subpoena:
Review the document: Carefully read the subpoena to understand what is being requested, whether it's your testimony, documents, or both. Note the date, time, and location of the required appearance or deadline for submitting evidence.
Consult an attorney: It's a good idea to seek legal counsel, especially if you're unsure of your rights and responsibilities or if the subpoena's demands seem unreasonable or unclear.
Gather the required information: If the subpoena requests documents or records, begin the process of locating and compiling the necessary materials.
Comply with the subpoena: Make sure to attend any required appearances and provide the requested information by the specified deadline.
Motion to Quash a Subpoena
Sometimes, a subpoena may be overly broad, oppressive, or seek privileged information. When this happens, the subpoena recipient can file a motion to quash, which is a legal request to nullify or modify the subpoena.
Grounds for filing a motion to quash may include:
The subpoena is too broad or unduly burdensome, requiring excessive documents or information.
The subpoena seeks privileged or confidential information that is protected from disclosure.
The subpoena has been issued in violation of procedural rules or lacks jurisdiction.
If you believe the subpoena you've received is unfair or unlawful, consult with an attorney to discuss the possibility of filing a motion to quash.
Conclusion
Subpoenas are an essential tool in the legal system, ensuring that necessary information is made available during legal proceedings. Understanding the different types of subpoenas, the process of complying with one, and the option to file a motion to quash can help you confidently navigate this aspect of the law. If you're unsure of your rights or obligations, always seek the guidance of an experienced attorney.
Do you have questions about civil litigation or defending a lawsuit? If so, contact us today at our Bergen County Office. Call Us at (201) 904-2211 or email Us at info@pjlesq.com
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As with any legal issue, it is important that you obtain competent legal counsel before making any decisions about how to respond to a subpoena or whether to challenge one - even if you believe that compliance is not required. Because each situation is different, it may be impossible for this article to address all issues raised by every situation encountered in responding to a subpoena. The information below can give you guidance regarding some common issues related to subpoenas, but you should consult with an attorney before taking any actions (or refraining from acts) based on these suggestions. Separately, this post will focus on New Jersey law. If you receive a subpoena in a state other than New Jersey you should immediately seek the advice of an attorney in your state as certain rules differ in other states.